playing by ear
The Spanish phrase 'tocar de oído' translates to 'play by ear' in English. This is an idiomatic expression that means to play music without reading the musical notes, instead, relying solely on one's memory of the sounds and melodies.
Juan always tends to play by ear on the guitar.
In this sentence, 'tocar de oído' is used to describe Juan's ability to play the guitar without reading the musical notation. Instead, he listens to the tune and replicates it on his guitar.
Do you know how to play the piano by ear?
The speaker is asking if the person can play the piano without the need for musical notation, implying they can listen to the music or tune and then play it on the piano.
My sister learned to play the flute by ear.
This sentence tells us that the speaker's sister has learned how to play the flute by listening to the music and then replicating it on her flute, without needing to rely on written music.