re
The term 're' itself is quite versatile in Spanish language. While it doesn't have a direct translation in English, it is often used as an intensifier in informal conversations. It could be somewhat equated to words in English like 'very' or 'really.' For instance, 're lindo' would translate to 'really cute.' It is to be noted that the usage of 're' may vary among different regions in the Spanish-speaking world.
I failed the exam
This is an example of using 're' (failed) in a past tense context. Reprobar is a verb that must agree with the subject in tense and person. 'Re' (fail) is a negative outcome, often indicating that the speaker did not pass a test or course.
Let's redo it
In this phrase, 're' serves as a prefix in 'rehacerlo' (redo it). When 're' is used in this way, it gives the verb it precedes a sense of repetitiveness. Thus, 'rehacerlo' indicates a repetition of the action of doing it.
The book was republished
This sentence demonstrates the use of 're' as a prefix in 'reeditado' (republished), suggesting an action is being repeated. It typically translates to 're' in English. So 'reeditado' refers to a book being published again.