some
In Spanish, 'alguno' is used similarly to 'some' in English. It is used to refer to an indefinite quantity or number of things. The word can change form depending on the gender and number of the noun it refers to. For example, 'alguno' (singular, masculine), 'algunos' (plural, masculine), 'alguna' (singular, feminine), 'algunas' (plural, feminine).
One of them has to be guilty.
The speaker indicates that out of a group, at least one individual must be guilty.
Has any of you been to Paris?
This is a question directed towards a group of people, asking if any individual within that group has visited Paris before.
I need any of these books for school.
This phrase indicates the speaker needs any one book out of a selection of books for school purposes.
If you have any problem, you can talk to me.
This statement is offering help to someone who potentially has a problem, indicating that the speaker is available for discussion.
I lost my phone. Have you seen any?
The speaker has lost their phone and is asking the listener if they have seen any phone around.
One of these days we should go out for dinner.
The speaker suggests that they should arrange to go out for dinner on one unspecified day in the future.
I don't want any, I just want any that makes me happy.
The speaker is expressing their desire not for any specific thing, but for something nondescript that brings them happiness.
Is there any in particular that you like?
The speaker is asking if there is any specific thing that the listener likes.
I am going to need any of those for the project.
The speaker requires unspecified items or resources from a given selection for a project.
It's possible that one of us will have to go.
The speaker is suggesting that there's a possibility that one member of a group, which includes the speaker, may have to leave or go somewhere.