C1 - Advanced Spanish
At the C1 Advanced level, students are able to communicate widely in different environments such as social, professional, and cultural settings.
Any written text is now expected to be clear, structured, and detailed.
IRPF (Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas)
IRPF (Income Tax for Physical Persons)
IRPF is an acronym in Spanish for 'Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas', which translates to 'Income Tax for Physical Persons' in English. In Spain, this is a personal income tax applicable to all physical persons residing in the country who have financial income (such as salaries, pensions, and savings) or real estate income. This tax is a direct, personal, subjective, analytic, and progressive tax collected annually.
Example sentences with IRPF (Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas) →IVA (Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido)
VAT (Value Added Tax)
IVA, short for 'Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido', is a Spanish term which translates to 'Value Added Tax' in English. This tax is consumption tax added to the price of goods and services. It is called a 'value added' tax because it is imposed on the value that has been added at each stage of production or distribution of goods and services. Therefore, the term 'IVA' is commonly used in Spanish-speaking countries in matters related to economy and finance.
Example sentences with IVA (Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido) →jade
jade
The word 'jade' in Spanish refers to the same semi-precious hard stone used for ornaments and implements and typically green in color. It is known as 'jade' in English as well. It's known for its use in artifacts and jewelry due to its sturdy and beautiful characteristics.
Example sentences with jade →jerarquía
hierarchy
The Spanish word 'jerarquía' translates to 'hierarchy' in English. It is a noun that typically refers to a system or organization in which people, groups or things are ranked one above the other according to status or authority. It can be used in various contexts, such as corporate, social, or religious structures. Much like in English, 'jerarquía' can also refer to a sequence or ordering of items in terms of importance, significance, or precedence.
Example sentences with jerarquía →juego de café
coffee set
The Spanish phrase 'juego de café' translates to 'coffee set' in English. This is a matching set of items that serve the purpose of making, serving, and possibly drinking coffee. The exact components of a coffee set may differ, but in general, it can include items such as a coffee pot, coffee cups, saucers, a milk jug, and a sugar bowl. The phrase can be used in both literal and figurative settings, describing the physical items or the act of gathering to drink coffee.
juego de té
tea set
The Spanish term 'juego de té' translates to 'tea set' in English. A 'tea set' is traditionally a collection of dishes and drinking vessels, usually made out of ceramic, glass, or metal materials, used for brewing and serving tea. In addition to the teapot, a typical tea set might include a sugar bowl, cream or milk jug, and tea cups with matching saucers. 'Juego de té' hence refers to a similar concept in Spanish speaking cultures, offering a way to present and enjoy tea in a formal or casual situation.
juez de lo civil
civil justice
The Spanish term 'juez de lo civil' translates to 'civil justice' in English. It refers to a judge who specializes in civil law, mainly handling cases that involve private disputes between parties - individuals or organizations. These disputes can range from contracts, property ownership, divorce proceedings, family law, and more. In contrast to criminal law, where the state prosecutes an individual, in civil law cases, the plaintiff is usually seeking some type of compensation from the defendant.
Example sentences with juez de lo civil →juez de lo penal
criminal justice
The Spanish term 'juez de lo penal' translates to 'criminal judge' in English. It refers to a judge that presides over criminal cases and is responsible for applying the provisions of criminal law during trials. These types of judges play a crucial role in determining the guilt or innocence of defendants and ensuring that justice is served. The term is commonly used in Spanish-speaking legal contexts and jurisdictions.
Example sentences with juez de lo penal →juez de menores
juvenile judge
The term 'juez de menores' in Spanish refers to a 'juvenile judge' in English. It is a legal term, used to designate a judge who presides over cases that involve persons under the age of majority, usually understood to be 18 years of age in most countries. These cases often involve matters of delinquency, dependency, or other legal issues concerning minors.
Example sentences with juez de menores →juez instructor
investigating judge
The Spanish term 'juez instructor' translates to 'investigating judge' in English. An investigating judge, in legal terminology, refers to a judge who is responsible for conducting investigations into serious crimes. The investigating judge is often responsible for collecting evidence, conducting necessary inquiries, and evaluating whether there is sufficient proof to justify a prosecution and move forward with a court trial. This is a very important role within the legal systems of several Spanish-speaking countries.
Example sentences with juez instructor →jugar limpio
play clean
Jugar limpio is a Spanish phrase that translates to 'play clean' in English. It is used metaphorically to describe someone who is fair, honest, or follows the rules, especially in a competitive situation such as a game or competition. This phrase might be used to compliment someone's sportsmanship, to encourage fair play, or to chastise someone who isn't playing by the rules. It is not typically used to describe physical cleanliness. As with many phrases, it is important to understand the context it is being used in to fully understand its meaning.
jugar sucio
to play dirty
Jugar sucio is a Spanish phrase which in English means 'to play dirty'. It is often used in the context of sports or games, suggesting that someone is not following the rules or is using underhanded tactics to try and win. However, it can also be applied to other situations in life where someone might be acting dishonestly or unfairly to gain an advantage.
jugarse algo a cara o cruz
to play heads or tails
The Spanish phrase 'jugarse algo a cara o cruz' is an idiomatic expression which translates to 'to play heads or tails' in English. This means to decide something by flipping a coin and depending on whether it lands on its 'head' (the side of the coin with the face) or 'tail' (the opposite side). This phrase is generally used in situations where a decision has to be made, but either outcomes are equally likely or desirable, hence relying on chance or luck to make the decision.
jugarse algo a suertes
to gamble
The phrase 'jugarse algo a suertes' in Spanish translates to 'to gamble' in English. It is a colloquial Spanish expression referring to taking a risk or chance on an uncertain outcome, often in the context of a game or any situation involving a potential gain or loss. Just as 'to gamble' in English indicates a wager or bet, 'jugarse algo a suertes' implies the possibility of either winning or losing something significant depending on random factors or luck.
juguetón
playful
Juguetón translates to 'playful'. It refers to a person who is fond of playing, amusing and lighthearted. For example, 'El niño es juguetón' translates to 'The child is playful'.
Example sentences with juguetón →juicio civil
civil trial
The Spanish term 'juicio civil' translates to 'civil trial' in English. A civil trial is a type of court case that involves two or more parties and usually deals with disputes between individuals that pertain to the definitions of legal rights and responsibilities, as opposed to criminal matters. This can include numerous situations such as personal injury cases, divorce proceedings, property disputes, and more.
Example sentences with juicio civil →juicio penal
criminal trial
The Spanish term 'juicio penal' refers to a specific legal proceeding in which the state stands against an individual or a group accused of committing a criminal offence. This legal process, known in English as a 'criminal trial', is aimed at determining whether the accused are guilty of the alleged crimes. A criminal trial usually involves the presentation of evidence by both the prosecution and defense, followed by a verdict given by a judge or jury.
Example sentences with juicio penal →junta municipal
municipal council
The term 'junta municipal' in Spanish translates to 'municipal council' in English. It refers to a local level of government that manages the public affairs of a city, town, or locality. It often includes a group of persons, usually elected by local residents, who make decisions and regulations on local matters such as sanitation, parks and recreation, and community services.
Example sentences with junta municipal →justificante
justifiable
The Spanish word 'justificante' is a noun that translates to 'justifiable' in English. The term is often used in legal or formal contexts to refer to an action or decision that is acceptable according to the law or moral rules. It can also imply a reason, evidence, or proof that justifies such an action or decision. For instance, a 'justificante' might be a document that provides proof for a certain action or decision, legitimizing it and making it 'justifiable'.
Example sentences with justificante →justo
fair
The Spanish word 'justo' translates to 'fair' in English. It is used to denote something that is in accordance with the rules or standards. It can be used to describe a person who treats everybody equally as well as a situation or judgment that is equitable and just. For instance, in a sentence, it can be used like 'El juez fue justo en su veredicto' meaning 'The judge was fair in his verdict'.
juzgado de instrucción
trial court
The Spanish term 'juzgado de instrucción' translates to 'trial court' in English. This is a court of law which is responsible for conducting preliminary investigations into serious crimes and misdemeanours. It determines whether the prosecutor's charges will proceed to trial. The investigatory role of the 'juzgado de instrucción' or 'trial court' is to collect evidence, examine witnesses, arrest the accused if necessary and ultimately to decide whether the case should be sent for trial.
Example sentences with juzgado de instrucción →juzgado de paz
magistrate's court
The Spanish phrase 'juzgado de paz' translates to 'magistrate's court' in English. This term refers to a lower court where preliminary sessions of both civil and criminal cases are held. A magistrate, who is a civil officer or lay judge, presides over this court. The role of the magistrate includes ensuring the smooth functioning of court procedures, such as issuing warrants and adjudicating minor infractions.
Example sentences with juzgado de paz →juzgado de primera instancia
Court of first instance
The term 'juzgado de primera instancia' refers to a specific level of court in some Spanish-speaking regions. It is typically where a legal case will start and where decisions will be made regarding civil and criminal matters. The judge at this level usually takes statements, looks over evidence, and decides whether a case needs to go to a higher court or not. In English, this term translates to 'court of first instance'.
Example sentences with juzgado de primera instancia →labios carnosos
fleshy lips
The phrase 'labios carnosos' in Spanish translates to 'fleshy lips' in English. It is often used to describe lips that are full and plump, typically considered a desirable trait in many cultures. The word 'labios' specifically means 'lips', and 'carnosos' translates to 'fleshy' or 'meaty', relating to their fullness or voluptuous appearance.
labios finos
fine lips
The Spanish phrase 'labios finos' directly translates to 'fine lips' in English. In Spanish, 'labios' means lips and 'finos' means fine, thin, or delicate. The phrase can be used to describe someone's physical appearance, specifically the shape and texture of their lips. It's often used to compliment or provide a detailed description of someone's lips indicating that they are well defined and slender.
labios gruesos
thick lips
The Spanish phrase 'labios gruesos' directly translates to 'thick lips' in English. These words can be used separately or together. 'Labios' is the Spanish word for 'lips', a body part located in the lower facial region used for speaking and eating. 'Gruesos', an adjective qualifying 'labios', means 'thick' in English. It's utilized to describe something that has a larger than the average or standard size or volume, particularly when comparing similar or related items. 'Labios gruesos' is generally used in a physical context to describe a person's appearance.
labrador
Labrador
The Spanish word 'labrador' translates directly to 'labrador' in English. It is also a term used to describe a worker in the field, such as a farmer. However, in most contexts, especially in relation to pets, 'labrador' refers to a breed of dog known for its loyalty and friendly nature. Labradors are often used as service dogs due to their trainability and are well-loved as family pets.
Example sentences with labrador →ladera abrupta
steep slope
In Spanish, 'ladera abrupta' directly translates to 'steep slope' in English. This term is frequently used to describe geographical features, specifically to denote an area of land which has a noticeable and often sharp incline. It can be applied to various natural or man-made landscapes including hillsides, mountains, or even roads.
Example sentences with ladera abrupta →ladera escarpada
the steep hillside
The Spanish phrase 'ladera escarpada' translates to 'steep hillside' in English. It encompasses two concepts: 'ladera', which means side or slope of a mountain or hill, and 'escarpada', which means sharp, steep or precipitous. Combined, 'ladera escarpada' vividly describes a hill or mountain slope that is dramatically and sharply inclined, making it more challenging to traverse. This phrase can be used in geographical contexts or to metaphorically describe uphill challenges.
Example sentences with ladera escarpada →ladera rocosa
rocky hillside
The Spanish term 'ladera rocosa' translates to 'rocky hillside' in English. It is made up of two words - 'ladera' means 'hillside' and 'rocosa' means 'rocky'. This term is frequently used to describe geographic features where the side of a hill or mountain has a lot of rocks. It's a more specific term representing a particular type of natural terrain.
Example sentences with ladera rocosa →