C1 - Advanced Spanish
At the C1 Advanced level, students are able to communicate widely in different environments such as social, professional, and cultural settings.
Any written text is now expected to be clear, structured, and detailed.
gubernamental
Government
The word 'gubernamental' in Spanish translates to 'governmental' in English. This adjective is often used to describe something that is related to or is involved with the government. It can be used in various contexts, such as in 'política gubernamental' which means 'governmental policy'. This word stems from 'gobierno' which means 'government' in Spanish, and the '-al' suffix can be likened to the English suffix '-al' used to form adjectives.
Example sentences with gubernamental →guerra
War
The Spanish word 'guerra' translates to 'war' in English. This word is often used in the context of conflict between nations or groups within a nation. It can be employed in various contexts, however, including in phrases and idioms. For instance, 'estar en guerra' means 'to be at war'. It represents a state of armed conflict or hostilities, and can be used metaphorically to describe intense disputes or competitions.
Example sentences with guerra →guerra atómica
Atomic war
The Spanish term 'guerra atómica' translates to 'atomic war' in English. An atomic war is characterized by the use of nuclear weapons, devastating in their potential to cause mass destruction, particularly in terms of their impact on environment, life and infrastructure. These wars are a pivotal topic of concern in modern international relations and disarmament dialogues.
Example sentences with guerra atómica →guerra biológica
Biological war
The term 'guerra biológica' translates to 'biological war' in English. A biological war refers to the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals, or plants as an act of war. Biological weapons (often termed as bio-weapons, biological threat agents, or bio-agents) are living organisms or replicating entities viruses, which are not universally considered 'alive'.
Example sentences with guerra biológica →guerra de guerrillas
guerrilla warfare
The term 'guerra de guerrillas' is a Spanish terminology that translates to 'guerrilla warfare' in English. It refers to a type of unconventional warfare and refers to small group actions conducted by a country's armed civilians. This is often initiated against an invading or occupying force, with an aim to cause disruption and damage through ambushes, sabotage, raids and elements of surprise. The purpose of guerrilla warfare is usually to disrupt the enemy's activities, bring about substantial losses and drain their resources.
Example sentences with guerra de guerrillas →guerra fría
Cold war
The term 'guerra fría' in Spanish translates to 'cold war' in English. This phrase is often used historically to refer to the political tension and military rivalry between nations that stopped short of full-scale war, especially that which developed between the United States and Soviet Union and their respective allies after World War II. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to a state of constant conflict or competition between two parties which never escalates into direct confrontation.
Example sentences with guerra fría →guerra santa
holy war
The term 'guerra santa' in Spanish translates to 'holy war' in English. Derived from the religious context, a holy war is often declared in the name of a god or a religious figure. It involves a conflict or a war fought by religious entities or groups, who consider it a duty or a divine command. This phrase is used across various contexts in literature, history, and dialogues, usually tied to religious motivations or justifications for a military conflict.
Example sentences with guerra santa →guiñar un ojo
wink an eye
The Spanish phrase 'guiñar un ojo' translates to 'wink an eye' in English. It is a verbal phrase often used in casual conversation, and can refer to the physical act of quickly closing and opening one eye, generally as a signal or hint, or metaphorically to suggest someone is not fully revealing the truth or is not completely serious about something they are saying. It is also commonly used in idiomatic phrases or expressions.
haber deflación
deflation
The Spanish phrase 'haber deflación' translates to 'deflation' in English. This is used in the economic context to refer to a general decrease in the price levels of goods and services. It is considered an economic indicator and is the opposite of inflation, which denotes increased prices. Understanding these concepts is vital for comprehending economic discussions in Spanish.
Example sentences with haber deflación →haber inflación
inflation
The Spanish phrase 'haber inflación' translates to 'there is inflation' in English. It is used to indicate or predict the general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing power of money, a phenomenon known as inflation. This phrase is often used in economic contexts and financial discussions.
haber límite de velocidad
There's speed limit
The Spanish phrase 'haber límite de velocidad' translates to 'there's a speed limit' in English. This is typically used in the context of driving or traffic rules, where a maximum speed at which a vehicle may legally travel is instituted to ensure safety on the road. Just like in English, this term is used to communicate to drivers that they must regulate their speed according to the set limit.
Example sentences with haber límite de velocidad →haber resaca
hungover
The Spanish term 'haber resaca' commonly translates to 'being hungover' in English. It is generally used to describe a constellation of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that can occur after drinking too much alcohol. It can include symptoms like headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and difficulty concentrating. Just as the English term 'hungover', 'haber resaca' is widely used among Spanish speakers to convey this specific state after an episode of heavy alcohol consumption.
Example sentences with haber resaca →haber un corte (en el suministro) de agua
there is a water cut (in the supply)
The Spanish phrase 'haber un corte (en el suministro) de agua' translates to 'there is a water cut (in the supply)' in English. It is typically used to indicate a disruption or interruption in water supply due to pipeline repairs, maintenance work, or unforeseen circumstances resulting in a temporary halt of water availability.
haber un corte (en el suministro) de electricidad
there is a cut (in the supply) of electricity
The Spanish phrase 'haber un corte (en el suministro) de electricidad' translates to 'there is a cut (in the supply) of electricity' in English. It commonly refers to situations where the electrical power has been interrupted or disconnected, either intentionally or due to a problem such as equipment failure. The phrase may be used in a variety of contexts including residential, commercial, or industrial power supply.
haber un puesto disponible
to have a position available
The phrase 'haber un puesto disponible' in Spanish translates to 'to have a position available' in English. It is often used in job descriptions or announcements to indicate that there is a job opening or space available. The verb 'haber' means 'to have' in the sense of existing or in the impersonal form, 'puesto' means 'position', and 'disponible' means 'available'. Therefore, when combined, these words convey the concept of a space or position that is open and available.
haber un puesto libre
There is a free post
The Spanish phrase 'haber un puesto libre' translates to 'there is a free post' in English. It is commonly used to indicate that a specific position or job is available or unoccupied. An example of its usage in a sentence could be in the context of employment where an employer might say, 'haber un puesto libre' to denote that there is an open position in a particular job role that needs to be filled.
haber un puesto vacante
to have a vacant position
The Spanish phrase 'haber un puesto vacante' translates to 'to have a vacant position' in English. This phrase is typically used in a work or job setting, indicating that there is a position available or open for hire. It's often used in job postings or when discussing employment opportunities.
habitar
inhabit
The Spanish verb 'habitar' translates to 'inhabit' in English. It is used to describe the action of living in a certain place or environment. It can be employed in various contexts, just like the English equivalent, and it is commonly used in both formal and informal communication.
hacer acto de presencia
put in an appearance
The Spanish phrase 'hacer acto de presencia' translates to 'put in an appearance' in English. This phrase is commonly used to describe the act of making a formal or brief appearance at a place or an event. It is often used in formal discussions or writings, where someone's presence is noticed or required, but they do not necessarily participate or stay for a long period of time.
hacer algo por diversión
do something for fun
The Spanish phrase 'hacer algo por diversión' translates to 'do something for fun' in English. It is often used to express that someone is engaging in an activity, not out of necessity or obligation, but simply for the joy or pleasure derived from it. Like in English, this phrase can be applied to a broad range of activities, from sports and games, to hobbies like reading or painting.
hacer circular un rumor
make a rumor circulate
The Spanish phrase 'hacer circular un rumor' translates to 'make a rumor circulate' in English. This phrase is used when someone spreads a piece of unverified information or gossip among a group of people. In Spanish, 'hacer' means 'to make', 'circular' translates to 'circulate', and 'un rumor' means 'a rumor'. Therefore, when combined, it refers to the act of disseminating a rumor, which is an essential phrase used in conversational Spanish.
hacer circular una información
circulate information
The phrase 'hacer circular una información' in Spanish translates to 'circulate information' in English. It is used when you want to denote the act of spreading or disseminating information from one person to another or across a group. This phrase might be utilized in various contexts, such as in a workplace when sharing important announcements, in academia when disseminating research findings, or in general conversations when spreading news. It suggests an active effort to ensure that the information reaches as many people as possible.
hacer circular una noticia
circulate news
The phrase 'hacer circular una noticia' in Spanish translates to 'circulate news' in English. It is commonly used in contexts related to journalism, communication and social media. The phrase implies the action of spreading or disseminating news so that it reaches a wider audience. Each word in the phrase contributes to this meaning: 'hacer' means 'to make', 'circular' is 'to circulate', 'una' is 'a' and 'noticia' is 'news'. Put it all together and it signifies the act of making news circulate.
hacer daño los zapatos
hurt the shoes
The Spanish phrase 'hacer daño los zapatos' literally translates to 'hurt the shoes' in English. However, it's important to note that literal translations do not always preserve the original meaning. In this context, 'hacer daño' might refer to damaging or wearing out the shoes. So, a more nuanced translation might be 'to damage the shoes' or 'to wear out the shoes'.
hacer de (un personaje)
make (a character)
'Hacer de (un personaje)' in Spanish refers to the act of playing a role or portraying a character, in the context of acting in a theatrical performance, film, or television series. It literally translates to 'make (a character)' in English, signifying the creation and development of a unique character persona by an actor.
Example sentences with hacer de (un personaje) →hacer efecto un medicamento
to make a medicine take effect
The phrase 'hacer efecto un medicamento' in Spanish translates to 'to make a medicine take effect' in English. This phrase is often used when discussing medicinal use, referring to the time it takes for a medication to start having an impact after it has been administered. It represents an action where the consumption of medicine results in a therapeutic effect which could be instant or could need a considerable amount of time depending on the nature of the medicine.
Example sentences with hacer efecto un medicamento →hacer el vago
to be lazy
The Spanish phrase 'hacer el vago' translates to 'to be lazy' in English. This is often used in contexts where someone is avoiding work, not doing anything productive, or generally exhibiting lazy behavior.
hacer frente a el fracaso escolar
confronting school failure
Confronting school failure, or 'hacer frente a el fracaso escolar' in Spanish, is a term that refers to addressing and managing situations in which a student is not achieving their potential in an academic setting. This can involve a range of interventions, such as remedial courses, vocational training, counselling, or various psychological and social supports. It's a multifaceted approach aimed at improving a student’s academic performance and ensuring they can achieve their educational goals. This term is often used in discussions surrounding educational policy and strategy.
hacer frente a una situación
Addressing a situation
The Spanish phrase 'hacer frente a una situación' carries the meaning of 'addressing a situation' in English. This suggests dealing with, handling, or confronting a particular circumstance or scenario. The phrase could be used in various contexts, from personal situations to professional or business-related events. Depending on the condition at hand, addressing a situation can entail different actions to be taken, but overall, it signifies the active involvement or response to it.
Example sentences with hacer frente a una situación →hacer la primera comunión
make the first communion
The Spanish phrase 'hacer la primera comunión' translates to 'make the first communion' in English. It refers to the Christian tradition, most common in the Roman Catholic church, in which a person, usually a child, receives the Sacrament of the Eucharist for the first time. It is a solemn and important event and usually involves a special church service and celebration.