B2 - Upper Intermediate Spanish
Students at the Upper Intermediate B2 level can defend their positions in a debate, and explore opposing views on different topics.
At this level, most students can converse with native speakers naturally and fluently.
historiador
historian
The word 'historiador' is a noun in Spanish that translates to 'historian' in English. A 'historiador' is a person who studies, researches, and writes about the past, and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time.
Example sentences with historiador →hoja de cálculo
spreadsheet
The Spanish term 'hoja de cálculo' translates to 'spreadsheet' in English. A spreadsheet is a file made of rows and columns that help sort, organize, and arrange data efficiently. It can also provide computations using mathematical formulas. Spreadsheets are often used in finance, accounting, and budgeting.
Example sentences with hoja de cálculo →horario comercial
business hours
The Spanish phrase 'horario comercial' translates to 'business hours' in English. This term is generally used to refer to the typical hours during which a business is open for operation. It usually refers to a set schedule established by a company for the convenience of its customers, specifying the opening and closing times, including any breaks. The exact schedule can vary widely depending on multiple factors including the type of business, cultural norms, and local regulations.
horario continuo
Continuous schedule
The Spanish term 'horario continuo' refers to the concept of a 'continuous schedule' in English. This term is commonly used in contexts such as working hours and schedule planning. A 'horario continuo' suggests a working or operating period without interruptions or breaks. For instance, it might refer to businesses or stores that remain open throughout the day, schools on a single continuous schedule, or employees following a continuous work schedule without split shifts.
horizonte
horizon
The Spanish word 'horizonte' translates to 'horizon' in English. It refers to the apparent line that separates earth from sky, the line where the earth seems to end and the sky begins. It's often used metaphorically to represent the limits or possibilities of knowledge or experience.
Example sentences with horizonte →hospitalizar
hospitalization
The Spanish term 'hospitalizar' translates to 'hospitalization' in English. It is a verb that originates from the noun 'hospital'. Essentially, it refers to the act or process of admitting a patient to a hospital for treatment. It is typically used in the context of medical and health-related conversation. The term can be applicable for either humans or animals. In a sentence, you could say in Spanish, 'El paciente necesita ser hospitalizado' which translates to, 'The patient needs to be hospitalized' in English.
Example sentences with hospitalizar →huella
fingerprint
The Spanish word 'huella' translates to 'fingerprint' in English. This term often refers to the unique, tiny, detailed traits left behind from the friction ridges of a human finger. It's primarily used in forensic sciences and identification processes. It's not only limited to the human context, but 'huella' could also be used to describe traces or footprints left by any object or creature.
hueso
bone
The Spanish word 'hueso' translates to 'bone' in English. It is a part of the body that makes up the skeleton. Bones provide structure for the body and support for muscles and tissues. They also protect some of our most vital organs. This word is very commonly used in both biological and medical contexts.
idea
idea
In Spanish, 'idea' is used in the same context as it is used in English. It refers to a concept or a belief. It can also mean a plan or intention in someone's mind. For example, in the sentence 'Tengo una idea', it means 'I have an idea'.
Example sentences with idea →ideológico
ideological
The Spanish word 'ideológico' translates to 'ideological' in English. It is an adjective that describes something related to or concerned with ideas, the study of their origin and nature. It is often used in the contexts of politics, philosophy, or society, where it might refer to a particular system of ideas that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Example sentences with ideológico →iluminación
lighting
The Spanish word 'iluminación' translates to 'lighting' in English. It can refer to the arrangement or type of light in a place, or the equipment that produces light such as lamps or ceiling fixtures. Various kinds of 'iluminación' can set the mood of the room or outdoor spaces. 'Iluminación' is also used in the context of enlightenment or illumination of the mind or spirit.
iluminación alegre
cheerful lighting
The Spanish phrase 'iluminación alegre' translates to 'cheerful lighting' in English. This phrase can be used to describe lighting that brings about a joyful or pleasant atmosphere. This can include colorful, bright, or uniquely arranged lights that contribute to a lively and cheerful setting or mood.
iluminación directa
direct lighting
The Spanish phrase 'iluminación directa' translates to 'direct lighting' in English. Direct lighting implies that the light source is directly visible or that the majority of light is being emitted directly from a lamp or fixture into a space. This could be from any type of light source such as a light bulb or the sun. The light travels in a linear direction and hits objects without being reflected or refracted beforehand. It is often used in lighting design to create shadows or to put focus on a specific object or area.
iluminación indirecta
indirect lighting
Iluminación indirecta is a term used in Spanish speaking countries to refer to a light source that is not directly visible but its light is reflected off surfaces to light the space. This technique is usually used in interior decorating to create a warm and soft atmosphere, reducing shadows and contrast. It is a common practice in the field of interior and theatrical design, photography and cinema. Indirect lighting can be achieved through various methods, such as reflecting light off walls or ceilings, or by using fixtures that conceal the light source, such as cove or valance lighting.
iluminación suave
soft lighting
The Spanish phrase 'iluminación suave' translates to 'soft lighting' in English. Soft lighting is a term used in photography and cinematography to describe a style of lighting that reduces the contrast and produces softer shadows, especially useful in creating flattering portraits or creating a cozy ambience in interior design. This concept, as in English, in Spanish can be applied in several contexts such as photography, cinematography, interior design and more.
iluminación tenue
dark lighting
The Spanish phrase 'iluminación tenue' translates to 'dark lighting' in English. It is commonly used to describe an environment or setting that is not strongly lit, often creating a subdued or romantic atmosphere. This phrase is usually used when discussing interior design, photography, visual arts, or atmospheric conditions.
imán
magnet
The word 'imán' is a Spanish term that translates to 'magnet' in English. This term originated from the Latin word 'magnēs', which means 'magnet'. Magnets are objects or pieces of material that generate a magnetic field. This field is invisible, but it is responsible for a magnet's most notable property - a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets. Thus, in general usage, 'imán' refers to an object that exhibits the typical properties of a magnet.
Example sentences with imán →imitar un estilo
imitate a style
The Spanish phrase 'imitar un estilo' translates to 'imitate a style' in English. It is used to describe the act of copying or replicating a specific style or pattern in conduct, fashion, art or any other form of expression. The usage extends to various contexts and can relate to copying the style of a famous personality, an art form, a trend and so on.
Example sentences with imitar un estilo →impacto medioambiental
environmental impact
The Spanish term 'impacto medioambiental' translates to 'environmental impact' in English. This phrase is often used in contexts of discussing the effects, positive or negative, that human actions or natural events can have on the environment or ecosystem. The 'environmental impact' can be evaluated in terms of its scale or severity and it frequently informs strategies for conservation or sustainable development.
Example sentences with impacto medioambiental →importación de mercancías
import of goods
The phrase 'importación de mercancías' is a term used commonly in Spanish-speaking economies and businesses. In English, it translates to 'import of goods'. This refers to the act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad for the purpose of selling. It is a common term in the fields of commerce and economics. Apart from its literal meaning, it might also convey further contexts in business language, depending on the situation.
Example sentences with importación de mercancías →imprimir un libro
print a book
The Spanish phrase 'imprimir un libro' translates to 'print a book' in English. This phrase can be used in a variety of contexts, such as when you want to have a manuscript printed into a hard copy or when you want to replicate a book via a printing press. The verb 'imprimir' implies the act of printing, while 'un libro' is a singular form, referring to 'a book'.
Example sentences with imprimir un libro →imprudencia
imprudence
The Spanish word 'imprudencia' translates to 'imprudence' in English. This term refers to a lack of caution or care, often leading to hasty decisions or rash actions that might result in undesirable consequences. It is commonly used in situations where someone acts without thinking or considering the potential outcomes, demonstrating a disregard for potential risks or negative effects. It might be utilized in various contexts, such as personal behavior, financial decisions, or safety measures.
Example sentences with imprudencia →inaugurar
inaugurate
The Spanish word 'inaugurar' corresponds to the English term 'inaugurate'. It typically refers to the formal beginning or introduction of a system, policy, or period, or the formal opening of a public event, such as a meeting, business, project, or newly built structure. It can also indicate the start or first public use of an airport, building, business, etc. It conveys a sense of commencement or initiation, and is often used in political, business, and organizational contexts.
incendiar(se)
arson
The Spanish word 'incendiar(se)' primarily denotes the act of intentionally setting fire to property, which is typically illegal and destructive in nature. This word can be used both in its reflexive form 'incendiarse', meaning to catch fire, as well as in its non-reflexive form 'incendiar', meaning to set fire. In English, this term is commonly referred to as 'arson'.
Example sentences with incendiar(se) →indicar
indicate
The Spanish word 'indicar' is equivalent to the English word 'indicate'. It is commonly used in sentences to show, point out, or make a statement of advice. It can also be used to suggest the necessity or possibility of a specific action. The usage is similar to the English version and is often used in both formal and casual contexts.
Example sentences with indicar →índice de mortalidad
Mortality index
The term 'índice de mortalidad' translates to 'mortality index' in English. It refers to a statistical measurement typically used in epidemiology and public health that reflects the number of deaths in a given population, usually in relation to the population's size and they are often divided into specific causes and age groups, and are often recorded annually. It is a valuable tool in assessing health and development in countries around the world.
Example sentences with índice de mortalidad →índice de natalidad
birth rate
The term 'índice de natalidad' in Spanish refers to the 'birth rate' in English. The birth rate is a demographic measure of population, usually expressed as the number of live births per thousand population per year. It is frequently used in public health, demography, economics, and geography for planning and resource allocation. The Spanish term 'índice' means 'index' or 'rate', and 'natalidad' means 'natality' or 'birth', which together translate to 'birth rate'.
Example sentences with índice de natalidad →índice de población
Population index
The term 'índice de población' in Spanish translates to 'population index' in English. This is a statistic that is used to measure the number of individuals residing within a specified geographical area. It could be anything ranging from a city, a country, a continent, or the entire world. This term is frequently used in demographics, geography, sociology, and various other fields that require population analysis. In certain contexts, the population index could also be used to analyze population trends over time, which can provide insights into growth rates, migration patterns, and population dynamics.
Example sentences with índice de población →indignado
outraged
The Spanish word 'indignado' translates to 'outraged' in English. It is an adjective, used to describe a strong feeling of shock or anger very often resulting from a perceived insult or injustice. In a sentence, you might use it to describe your own feelings or the feelings of others. It can be used in various contexts, both formal and informal.
industria siderúrgica
steel industry
The Spanish term 'industria siderúrgica' translates to 'steel industry' in English. The steel industry is a sector of the economy involving production and trading of steel, a key material in building infrastructure and manufacturing of goods. Siderúrgica refers specifically to any industry related to iron and steel, and is a compound of the words 'sidero-', meaning iron, and '-úrgica' deriving from the Greek word 'ergon', meaning work.
Example sentences with industria siderúrgica →