The Spanish phrase 'dar la espalda' directly translates to 'give the back' in English. However, in actual usage, this phrase has a figurative meaning and is equivalent to the English phrase 'turn your back'. It is used to refer to the act of refusing to help someone or to ignore someone, especially in a difficult situation or when they are in need of help. Therefore, 'dar la espalda' is used to express the act of abandonment or rejection.

The Spanish word 'misil' translates to 'missile' in English. A missile is a weapon that is self-propelled and can be guided in flight. Missiles are used in military conflicts and can carry different types of warheads, such as explosive, chemical, or nuclear. They are launched from various platforms such as ships, planes, or land bases, and are used for various purposes such as attacking targets on land, at sea, or in the air.

The Spanish phrase 'gafas graduadas' literally translates to 'graduate glasses' in English. However, in a more appropriate English usage, these are known as 'prescription glasses'. These are glasses whose lenses have been specially made to correct the vision of the person wearing them based on a prescription from an eye care professional. They come in various styles and make, but their primary function is to aid in vision correction for conditions such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.

The Spanish term 'pasar el rato' translates to 'hang out' in English. It is used to refer to spending time leisurely with other people, often friends, engaging in social activities or simply passing the time together.

The Spanish word for 'part' is 'parte'. You can use it in sentences to refer to a piece, section, or portion of something, or a role played by someone in a particular situation. Like in English, it's a very versatile word in Spanish, too.

The phrase 'pedir un préstamo' in Spanish translates directly into English as 'ask for a loan'. It is used in business or personal contexts when someone is requesting a defined amount of money from a bank, a financial entity, or another person with the intention of paying it back, usually with interest. This phrase is the Spanish equivalent of how you would discuss initiating a process to borrow money in English.