music
The Italian word 'musica' is used exactly like 'music' in English. It can refer to a general category of artistic, sometimes audible, compositions, and is used in a wide variety of contexts, from talking about preferences (e.g. 'Mi piace la musica rock' - I like rock music) to events (e.g. 'Ci sarà musica dal vivo stasera?' - Will there be live music tonight?)
I like to listen to music
This is a simple sentence that translates directly from Italian to English. 'Mi piace' means 'I like', 'ascoltare' means 'to listen', and 'la musica' means 'the music'.
Music is a universal language
Again, this sentence translates directly without any cultural context needed. 'La musica' means 'the music', 'e'' is 'is', and 'un linguaggio universale' means 'a universal language'.
I often listen to music while I study
'Spesso' means 'often', 'ascolto' means 'I listen', 'la musica' means 'the music', 'mentre' means 'while', 'studio' means 'I study'. This sentence uses simple present tense, same as English.