cat
The Italian word 'gatto' translates to 'cat' in English. It is a common noun used to refer to a small, typically furry, domesticated mammal that is kept as a pet. Like in English, 'gatto' can also be used metaphorically in various contexts.
The cat sleeps on the carpet
This sentence describes a simple action of a cat. The cat (Il gatto) is the subject, sleeps (dorme) is the verb, and on the carpet (sul tappeto) is the prepositional phrase.
I fed the cat this morning
This sentence is in past tense, the speaker is saying that they fed the cat (Ho nutrito il gatto) earlier that day, specifically this morning (questa mattina).
My neighbor's cat is very friendly
The speaker in this sentence is expressing a quality of their neighbor's cat (Il gatto del mio vicino). The quality expressed is that the cat is very friendly (è molto amichevole).