extent
In Italian, 'ampiezza' is the term used to express the concept of 'extent'. It is often used to describe the size, range, or degree of something. For example, one might say 'L'ampiezza del danno è enorme' to express 'The extent of the damage is enormous'.
Scientists measure the amplitude of sound waves.
This sentence talks about the action of measuring the amplitude (which in this case refers to the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation) of sound waves, a common task for scientists working in acoustics.
Painters must consider the range of colors for their paintings.
The concept of amplitude here relates to the broad range of different colors that painters have to consider when they create their artworks. The broader the 'amplitude', the larger the number of colors in use.
The amplitude of an angle is measured in degrees.
In this context, 'amplitude' refers to the measure of an angle, which is typically measured in degrees. A full circle, for example, contains 360 degrees.