cup
The German word for cup is Tasse. It is used in the same way as in English, to refer to a small, open container used for drinking, usually made of ceramic or glass. It can also be used to refer to a unit of measurement for liquids, similar to the English usage.
I drank a cup of coffee.
This sentence indicates a previous action, the drinking of a cup of coffee. In German, 'haben' (have) is used in conjunction with the past participle (getrunken) to form the present perfect tense, similar to English.
The cup is on the table.
This sentence is structured with a subject (Die Tasse), a verb (ist) and a prepositional phrase (auf dem Tisch). This structure is common both in English and German for making statements about a particular object's location.
The cup is empty.
In this sentence, we describe a status or condition of the subject (die Tasse). In German, we use 'ist' for both singular and plural forms in the third person, unlike English where we have 'is' and 'are'. The adjective 'leer' is used to describe the cup's state.