partner
In German, the word 'Partner' is used in the same way as in English, to refer to a person with whom one has a personal, romantic, or business relationship. It can also be used to refer to a spouse or significant other. It is a masculine noun, but it can also be used in a gender-neutral context.
My partner and I are going to the cinema.
This sentence translates directly and simply from German to English. 'Mein Partner und ich' means 'My partner and I', and 'gehen ins Kino' means 'are going to the cinema'.
He is a good business partner.
In this case, 'Partner' is used in a professional context. 'Er ist ein guter Geschäftspartner' directly translates to 'He is a good business partner'. This could be a phrase used in a variety of workplace or business situations.
We are partners in the dance class.
Here 'Partner' is used to describe a shared activity where two people work together, as in a dance class. 'Wir sind Partner im Tanzkurs' translates to 'We are partners in the dance class'. Note that in German the definite article 'the' isn't needed as much as it is in English.