boy
In German, the word 'Junge' is used to refer to a young male. It is a masculine noun, and when used in a sentence, it is often accompanied by the definite article 'der' (the) or the indefinite article 'ein' (a). For example, 'Der Junge spielt Fußball' (The boy is playing soccer).
The boy is eating an apple.
This simple sentence in German reflects the structure of Subject - Verb - Object used in language. 'Der Junge' is the subject (the boy), 'isst' is the verb (is eating), and 'einen Apfel' is the object (an apple).
Do you see the boy over there?
This is a question in German. 'Siehst du' is the verb phrase (Do you see), 'den Jungen' is the object (the boy), and 'dort' is an adverb indicating the place (over there).
The boy is playing with his dog.
In this example, 'Der Junge' is the subject (the boy), 'spielt' is the verb (is playing), and 'mit seinem Hund' (with his dog) is the prepositional phrase, where 'mit' is the preposition (with) and 'seinem Hund' is the object of the preposition (his dog).