train
In French, 'train' is also used as 'train' in English. It is used as a noun to describe a mode of transportation that travels on a track.
I missed my train this morning.
This is a simple declarative sentence stating a fact. 'J'ai raté' is the passé composé tense of 'rater' (to miss), used here to describe a completed action in the past. 'Mon train' is a possessive phrase meaning 'my train'. 'Ce matin' is a time phrase meaning 'this morning'.
The train just arrived at the station.
This is an action sentence describing an event that has recently occurred. 'Le train' means 'the train'. 'Vient d'arriver' is a present tense construction used to describe an action that just occurred, it translates to 'just arrived'. 'À la gare' means 'at the station'.
He takes the train every day for work.
This sentence is expressing a habitual action. 'Il prend' means 'He takes'. 'Le train' is 'the train'. 'Tous les jours' is a frequency adverbial phrase meaning 'every day'. 'Pour le travail' is a prepositional phrase indicating the reason for the action, translating to 'for work'.