lamp
The French word 'lampe' is very similar to the English word 'lamp'. It is a feminine noun in French (la lampe), used to refer to a device that produces light, such as a table lamp or floor lamp. You may use it in the same way as you use 'lamp' in English, for example in sentences like 'Turn on the lamp' ('Allume la lampe').
The lamp is on the table.
This sentence is a straightforward statement about the location of a lamp. It uses the predicate 'est sur' to describe where the lampe (lamp) is situated, which is 'la table' or the table.
I need a new lamp for my desk.
In this sentence, precisely expresses the speaker's need for a new desk lamp. 'J'ai besoin' means 'I need', followed by 'd'une nouvelle lampe', a new lamp, and 'pour mon bureau' indicates the place, the speaker's desk in this context.
The lamp gives off a soft light.
In this sentence, we're describing the quality of light given off by the lamp. 'La lampe donne une lumière douce' translates literally into 'the lamp gives a soft light', where 'donne' means gives and 'lumière douce' means soft light.