sing
The French word 'chanter' is the equivalent of 'sing' in English. Just like 'sing', 'chanter' can be used in various contexts such as singing a song ('chanter une chanson') or singing in the shower ('chanter sous la douche'). The conjugation changes with the subject, for example 'Je chante' is 'I sing' and 'Nous chantons' is 'We sing'.
I'm going to sing at the party tonight.
The speaker is informing that he/she will sing at a party in the evening. The action is scheduled to occur in the future, hence, the use of the future phrase 'vais chanter'.
She loves to sing traditional songs.
This sentence describes a habitual action that 'she' loves to do. Here, 'chanter' is used in conjunction with the object 'des chansons traditionnelles', specifying what she loves to sing.
Can you sing louder?
It is a question, asking someone if they can increase their singing volume. Here, 'chanter plus fort' literally translates to 'sing louder', using 'chanter' in a request.